Causes of swelling in one hand

Swelling that begins after impact or repetitive use may involve muscles, tendons, ligaments, or bone; wrist pain after a fall can require an evaluation for distal radius fracture. Heat, redness, tenderness, or a wound raises concern for infection. Stiffness and swelling around several hand joints can occur with rheumatoid arthritis. Itching after a new soap, glove, plant, or bite can reflect skin irritation or an allergic reaction. Sudden swelling with colour or temperature change needs urgent assessment because blood flow may be affected.

Remove constricting jewellery and compare the swollen hand with the other side. Record when it began, whether it is spreading, and whether pain, itch, heat, numbness, or reduced movement is present. Rest and elevate the hand; use a wrapped cool pack for a minor injury if sensation and skin colour are normal. Avoid scratching, puncturing skin, or taking leftover prescription medicine. A clinician may examine the skin, joints, nerves, and circulation before deciding whether tests are needed.

Get emergency help for a blue, pale, cold, numb, or severely painful hand, or for swelling that is progressing quickly. Seek prompt care for fever, pus, spreading redness, a deep wound, or severe pain after trauma. A persistent or recurrent swelling merits an appointment even when symptoms are mild, particularly if it limits grip or finger movement.

Which cause best fits the timing and distribution? Do I need an X-ray, ultrasound, or other assessment? What should I monitor at home, and when should I seek urgent help?