What should you know about olfactory neuroblastoma?

This tumour develops near the roof of the nose, close to the areas involved in smell and to structures separating the nasal cavity from the brain. Symptoms can include a blocked or persistently runny nose, nosebleeds, reduced sense of smell, facial pressure, or changes in vision. These symptoms have many possible causes and do not by themselves establish a diagnosis.

A specialist may use nasal examination, imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and a biopsy. The pathology report helps identify the tumour and its features; imaging shows its local extent and whether nearby structures need particular protection.

Arrange review with a team experienced in tumours of the nose and skull base. Bring scan reports, medication details and a record of nosebleeds, blockage, smell changes or visual symptoms. Treatment may combine tumour removal surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, depending on location, spread, pathology and your general health.

Ask how the team will protect breathing, smell, vision and the brain during treatment. Recovery may include nasal care, support for altered smell, and follow-up examinations and scans.

Seek urgent medical help for heavy or ongoing bleeding, new loss of vision, severe headache with confusion, weakness, or a seizure. Contact your treating team promptly for worsening blockage, repeated nosebleeds, fever after a procedure, or new facial swelling.

Ask where the tumour is located, what the biopsy shows, which scans are needed, whether surgery is recommended, and how treatment could affect smell, breathing, vision and recovery time.