What should you know about mumps a virus?

Mumps is caused by a virus that spreads through respiratory droplets and saliva. The condition commonly presents with tender swelling near one or both sides of the jaw, where the salivary glands are located. [Swollen Glands](/symptoms/swollen-glands/) and [Fever](/symptoms/fever/) may occur with headache, tiredness, muscle aches, reduced appetite, or pain when chewing. Some infected people have mild symptoms or none.

A clinician considers symptoms, exposure, vaccination history and local infection patterns. Testing may be needed because other viral illnesses can also cause gland swelling. Complications are uncommon but can involve the testicles, ovaries, pancreas, brain coverings or hearing, so new severe symptoms need prompt assessment.

Stay home and avoid close contact while seeking medical advice, especially with babies, pregnant people and anyone with reduced immunity. Do not share cups, cutlery or towels. Rest, drink fluids, and choose soft foods if chewing hurts. Paracetamol may help when suitable for you; follow the label and ask a clinician or pharmacist if you have liver disease or take other medicines. A [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) can clarify testing, isolation and symptom care.

Seek urgent help for severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, difficulty breathing or swallowing, severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or sudden hearing changes. In males, painful testicular swelling needs prompt medical assessment. Contact a clinician promptly for suspected mumps so public-health and household protection advice can be considered.

Ask whether testing is needed, how long to avoid close contact, and which symptoms should trigger urgent review. Check whether household members are protected and whether [MMR Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/mmr-vaccination/) is appropriate for anyone who is not fully vaccinated.