What should you know about immunoglobulin for hepatitis B?

Immunoglobulin contains antibodies collected from donated human plasma. It can offer immediate, short-term protection while the body develops its own response. Clinicians may consider it after contact with infected blood or body fluids, or around birth when a baby may have been exposed. It is different from the hepatitis B vaccine: immunoglobulin supplies antibodies directly, whereas vaccination trains the immune system. They may be recommended together in some situations. A healthcare professional assesses the type of exposure, vaccination history, timing, and test results before deciding.

Seek medical advice as soon as possible and explain exactly what happened, when it happened, and whether the skin or eyes were exposed. Do not share razors, toothbrushes, needles, or other items that may carry blood while your status is being clarified. Follow the recommended vaccination schedule and attend blood tests, which may include a liver function test and hepatitis B testing. Avoid donating blood until a clinician confirms it is appropriate. Keep follow-up appointments even if you feel well, because hepatitis B may cause few early symptoms.

Arrange urgent medical review after a significant blood or body-fluid exposure, especially a needlestick, bite, or contact with broken skin. Seek immediate help for trouble breathing, facial swelling, widespread hives, or collapse after an injection. Contact a clinician promptly for yellowing of the skin, dark urine, severe fatigue, vomiting, or worsening abdominal pain, which can accompany liver inflammation.

Was this exposure enough to need immunoglobulin? Do I also need hepatitis B vaccination? Which tests are needed now and at follow-up? Should I take precautions with household or sexual contacts?