I hate hiccups: what should I know?

A hiccup is an involuntary spasm of the breathing muscle followed by sudden closure of the voice box. Eating quickly, a large meal, fizzy drinks, alcohol, sudden temperature changes, or excitement can trigger short episodes. Irritation of the nerves involved in breathing or digestion can also contribute. Reflux of stomach contents and inflammation of the stomach are possible contributors; see [Acid Reflux](/conditions/acid-reflux/) and [Gastritis](/conditions/gastritis/) for related information. Persistent hiccups can interfere with sleep, hydration, or meals and should not be dismissed if they continue.

Sip cool water slowly, breathe calmly, and eat smaller meals. Avoid gulping fizzy drinks, alcohol, and very hot or spicy foods while symptoms are active. Sitting upright after eating may reduce reflux-related irritation. Do not use frightening shocks, forceful breath-holding, or anything that could make you choke. If episodes keep returning, record what you ate, drank, and felt beforehand, plus how long they lasted. A clinician may review medicines and consider [Acid Reflux Medication](/treatments/medical-management/acid-reflux-medication/) when reflux is contributing.

Contact a clinician if hiccups persist, repeatedly disturb sleep, make eating or drinking difficult, or come with vomiting, severe abdominal pain, chest pain, trouble breathing, weakness, or confusion. Seek emergency care for sudden breathing difficulty, severe chest pain, or new neurological symptoms. A review is also sensible when frequent episodes begin after a new medicine or illness.

Ask whether reflux, stomach irritation, a medicine, or another condition could be involved, what symptoms should prompt urgent help, and which treatment is appropriate for you.