Human bite antibiotics: when treatment may be needed

A bite may look small while damaging deeper tissue, especially over a knuckle, hand, face or joint. Saliva can introduce bacteria, and infection may develop as increasing pain, warmth, redness, swelling, pus, reduced movement or fever. Antibiotics are chosen according to the wound, time since injury, allergies, other medicines and local clinical judgment; they do not replace cleaning or drainage when those are needed. Cellulitis is one possible wound infection. A clinician may also review tetanus protection and the person's risk of blood-borne infections.

Wash the wound thoroughly with running water and soap, remove rings or tight jewellery near swelling, and cover it with a clean dressing. Do not close a deep or contaminated bite yourself, pour harsh chemicals into it, or share leftover antibiotics. Seek same-day medical advice for any bite that breaks the skin, particularly on the hand, face, foot or near a joint. Take prescribed medicine exactly as directed and complete the course unless the prescriber changes it. Keep the wound clean and note any change in pain, redness or movement.

Get urgent help for heavy bleeding, loss of movement or feeling, a deep wound, severe pain, rapidly spreading redness, fever, red streaks, pus, or swelling near the eye or throat. Prompt assessment is also needed if the bite came from an unknown person, occurred during assault, or involved a puncture over a knuckle. Worsening symptoms after starting treatment need reassessment rather than an extra dose or a different medicine chosen without advice.

Ask whether the wound needs antibiotics, a swab, imaging, closure or specialist review; which side effects require help; and whether tetanus or other infection testing is appropriate.