How is multiple myeloma treated?

Targeted therapy acts on features of myeloma cells, while chemotherapy uses medicines that affect rapidly dividing cells. Doctors may combine medicines with different actions and later continue a maintenance plan. An autologous stem cell transplant may be considered when a person is fit enough for high-dose treatment and stem-cell return.

Bone-strengthening therapy can lower the effect of myeloma on bones. Radiotherapy may be used for a painful bone area or a site at risk of causing problems. CAR T-cell therapy is an option for selected people whose myeloma has returned or remains difficult to control. Persistent fatigue can result from the disease, anaemia, treatment or other problems and deserves review.

Keep appointments for blood and urine tests, kidney checks and treatment review. Tell the team about pain, weakness, numbness, constipation, infection symptoms or changes in urine. Follow advice about hydration, activity and dental care, particularly if bone-strengthening therapy is planned. Ask which medicines to pause before procedures and how to protect yourself when blood counts are low.

Seek urgent help for new severe back pain with leg weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, sudden confusion, severe dehydration or trouble breathing. Contact your team promptly for fever, chills, reduced urine, worsening pain or a fall. These symptoms can signal infection, high calcium, kidney stress or a spinal problem and should not wait for the next scheduled review.

What is the aim of my first treatment combination? Am I a candidate for an autologous transplant or CAR T-cell therapy? How will my bones and kidneys be monitored? Which symptoms should trigger a same-day call? What can help with fatigue and treatment-related changes in daily life?