How is heartburn treated?

Heartburn happens when stomach contents move upward and irritate the food pipe. Frequent symptoms may be part of [Acid Reflux](/conditions/acid-reflux/), while irritation from [Gastritis](/conditions/gastritis/) or an ulcer can feel similar. A hiatus hernia, some medicines, large meals, lying down soon after eating, alcohol or personal food triggers may contribute. A clinician chooses treatment based on frequency, severity, other symptoms and your medical history.

Try smaller meals, remain upright after eating, and identify foods or drinks that reliably trigger symptoms. Avoid lying down soon after a meal and ask whether weight management could help if relevant. A pharmacist or clinician may recommend an antacid or acid-suppressing medicine; use it as directed and review symptoms that keep returning. Do not assume persistent burning is simple heartburn, especially if the pattern changes.

Seek emergency help for chest pressure, severe pain, sweating, faintness or breathlessness, because heart symptoms can resemble indigestion. Arrange prompt medical assessment for vomiting blood, black stools, trouble swallowing, repeated vomiting, unexplained weight loss or persistent symptoms. These signs may need investigation for conditions such as [Peptic Ulcer](/conditions/peptic-ulcer/).

Ask whether your symptoms fit reflux, whether you need a medication review, and how long to try treatment. Ask what to do if symptoms return after stopping medicine and whether a [Hiatus Hernia](/conditions/hiatus-hernia/) or another cause needs checking.