How is influenza different in children?

A child may have a sudden fever, cough, sore throat, headache, muscle aches or marked tiredness. Babies and toddlers cannot describe pain reliably, so changes such as poor feeding, fewer wet nappies, restless sleep or reduced interaction deserve attention. Vomiting or loose stools can occur in children with flu, even when breathing symptoms are not the main complaint.

Children with asthma, neurological conditions, heart disease or other long-term health problems may need closer observation because an infection can worsen their usual symptoms. The child’s age, general appearance and ability to drink are often as useful as the temperature reading when judging how unwell they are.

Offer frequent small amounts of fluid or breast milk and allow extra rest. Keep clothing comfortable and check the child regularly, including during sleep if they have been notably unwell. Use fever medicine only as directed for the child’s age and weight; do not give aspirin to a child, and check before combining products that may contain the same ingredient.

Keep the child away from vulnerable household members while they are ill, improve ventilation, and encourage handwashing. Contact a clinician early if the child is very young, has a long-term condition, cannot keep fluids down, or symptoms are becoming more severe. Learn more about [Influenza](/conditions/influenza/).

Seek urgent medical help if a child is struggling to breathe, has blue or grey lips, is difficult to wake, has a seizure, or appears severely dehydrated. For an infant, urgent advice is also appropriate for a concerning fever or a clear change in feeding and responsiveness. Arrange prompt clinical assessment for chest pain, worsening cough, repeated vomiting, or a child who improves and then becomes significantly worse.

Ask whether the symptoms fit influenza, how much fluid is suitable, which medicine and dose are appropriate, and whether the child’s existing conditions change the plan. You can also ask what breathing or hydration signs should prompt immediate reassessment.