What should you know about HIV and hepatitis testing?

Testing may use blood, and the exact test depends on which infection is being assessed. Some tests look for antibodies made by the immune system; others look for parts of the virus. A reactive or positive screening result does not by itself describe how long an infection has been present. It normally needs a confirmatory test and a clinician’s interpretation. A non-reactive result can be reassuring, but testing soon after exposure may not detect infection yet. Tell the clinician when a possible exposure occurred, whether you have symptoms, and whether medicines or another health condition could affect the plan.

Ask which infections are included, what sample is needed, and when results should be available. Until a clinician explains the result, avoid sharing needles and use protection during sex. Do not donate blood or stop prescribed treatment because of a screening result. If the result is positive, arrange follow-up promptly so confirmatory testing, monitoring, and treatment can be discussed. You can read more about HIV Infection and HIV Test.

Seek urgent medical help for severe breathing difficulty, fainting, confusion, yellowing of the skin with marked illness, or inability to keep fluids down. Contact a clinician promptly after a recent possible exposure, even if you feel well, because early advice can affect testing and prevention choices.

Ask: Which HIV or hepatitis tests are appropriate? Could the timing of exposure affect the result? Do I need a repeat or confirmatory test? What precautions should I take while waiting?