What should you know about hepatitis C virus antibodies?

Antibodies can remain after an infection has cleared, as well as when infection is still present. A negative result can mean no antibodies were detected, but the timing of a recent exposure may affect what a test can show.

A reactive or positive antibody result is usually followed by a hepatitis C RNA test. That test looks for the virus itself in the blood and helps distinguish a current infection from a past infection.

Hepatitis C can affect the liver without causing obvious symptoms. When symptoms occur, some people with hepatitis C notice fatigue, nausea, reduced appetite, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Keep a copy of the result and arrange a GP appointment to discuss whether confirmatory RNA testing is needed. Tell the clinician about any possible blood exposure, previous test results, medicines, supplements, and symptoms.

Until your result is clarified, do not share needles, razors, toothbrushes, or other items that may have blood on them. A clinician may also request liver blood tests to check how your liver is functioning.

Seek prompt medical advice if you have a positive antibody result and have not had follow-up testing, especially if you may have had a recent exposure to blood. Do not delay assessment because you feel well.

Get urgent medical care for yellowing of the skin or eyes, severe abdominal swelling or pain, vomiting blood, black stools, confusion, or marked drowsiness. These symptoms need assessment regardless of the antibody result.

Ask whether you need an RNA test, whether liver function testing is appropriate, and how the timing of any potential exposure changes interpretation. If current hepatitis C is confirmed, ask which specialist or treatment service should guide your care.