What should you know about hepatitis C and oral sex?

The virus needs a route from infected blood into another person's bloodstream. Oral sex without blood exposure is not considered a common route, but bleeding gums, mouth ulcers, genital sores, anal fissures, or menstrual blood can change the situation. The risk also depends on whether either person has a blood-borne infection or an injury.

Hepatitis C does not spread through ordinary kissing, hugging, sharing food, or casual contact. A person may have no symptoms, while fatigue can be present, so appearance alone cannot identify infection.

Avoid oral sex when blood, sores, or active bleeding are present. Use a condom or dental dam if blood exposure is possible, and do not share sex toys unless they are cleaned and covered between users. Do not share razors or toothbrushes. If a recent exposure involved blood, arrange a GP Consultation promptly to discuss testing and follow-up; do not wait for symptoms.

Seek prompt medical advice after a blood exposure involving a mouth or genital wound, especially if the source is known to have hepatitis C. Arrange assessment for yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, unusual bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or persistent fatigue. Urgent care is needed for confusion, vomiting blood, black stools, or fainting.

Ask whether the exposure warrants an antibody test and a viral test, when testing should be repeated, how to protect partners, and whether a Liver Function Test or specialist referral is appropriate.