Can hepatitis C spread through sex?

Hepatitis C is carried in blood. Sexual contact becomes more concerning when there is bleeding, genital or anal injury, sores, or another situation in which blood can pass between partners. Ordinary sexual contact without blood exposure is less likely to transmit the virus, but no personal risk assessment can be made from symptoms alone. A person may feel well while carrying hepatitis C, while others notice fatigue, nausea, reduced appetite, or discomfort beneath the ribs.

If sex involved blood, injury, or a partner known to have hepatitis C, book a GP Consultation and describe the exposure plainly. Until you receive advice, avoid contact that could involve blood and do not share razors or toothbrushes. Testing may involve an antibody test followed by a test for the virus itself when needed. A Liver Function Test can show how the liver is coping, but it is not a standalone diagnosis.

Ask for prompt advice after sex involving visible blood, a significant tear, or an open sore. Arrange assessment for ongoing fatigue, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal swelling, or yellowing of the eyes or skin. Emergency help is appropriate for vomiting blood, black stools, severe confusion, or rapidly worsening illness. These warning signs can have several causes, so do not wait for a home explanation.

Ask which tests fit the exposure, when to take them, and whether repeat testing is needed. Discuss ways to reduce blood contact during sex, whether a partner should be assessed, and how a possible result could affect future care.