What is a hepatitis C antibody test?

The test uses a blood sample to look for antibodies made after exposure to hepatitis C. A non-reactive result means antibodies were not detected, although very recent exposure may need a clinician's review because the immune response can take time to develop. A reactive result means the immune system has encountered the virus at some point. It may reflect an infection that cleared or one that remains present. The antibody result does not measure liver damage and does not show when exposure occurred.

If the result is reactive, ask about a follow-up viral RNA test. That test looks for the virus itself and helps determine whether treatment should be discussed. Bring details of previous testing, medicines, supplements and any possible blood exposure to your appointment. Do not donate blood until a clinician has explained the result. Avoid sharing items that may carry blood, including razors and toothbrushes. For broader information, see Hepatitis C. A GP Consultation can help coordinate confirmatory testing, and a Liver Function Test may be included when checking the liver.

Seek prompt medical advice for yellowing of the eyes or skin, new abdominal swelling, unusual bleeding, black stools, confusion, persistent vomiting or marked sleepiness. These symptoms can signal a liver problem and need assessment even if your antibody test was non-reactive. Emergency help is appropriate for collapse, vomiting blood or difficulty waking.

Ask which type of antibody result you received, whether recent exposure changes the timing of repeat testing, and whether an RNA test is required. Ask how your liver should be checked, which medicines need review, and whether symptoms such as fatigue may have another cause.