What should you know about hepatitis B serology?

The panel commonly looks for hepatitis B surface antigen, surface antibody, and core antibody. These markers are read together rather than in isolation. Surface antigen can indicate that the virus is currently present. Surface antibody can indicate protection after vaccination or recovery. Core antibody can point to previous contact with the virus, but it does not result from vaccination. A clinician may add a test for viral activity when the pattern needs clarification. Results can be affected by the timing of exposure or vaccination, so a single result may not answer every question.

Take the full report to a clinician who can interpret the combination of markers and your medical history. You may need repeat blood work, a liver assessment, or advice about protecting household and sexual contacts. Avoid sharing razors, toothbrushes, or anything that may carry blood. Do not donate blood until a clinician confirms that it is appropriate. If you have not been vaccinated, ask whether vaccination is suitable; it prevents new infection but does not treat an existing infection. Learn more about [Hepatitis B](/conditions/hepatitis-b/), [Liver Function Test](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/liver-function-test/), and [Hepatitis B Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/hepatitis-b-vaccination/).

Arrange prompt medical review if a report suggests current infection, or if you develop yellowing of the eyes, very dark urine, marked tiredness, vomiting, or pain beneath the ribs on the right. [Dark Urine](/symptoms/dark-urine/) and [Fatigue](/symptoms/fatigue/) can have many causes, but they deserve assessment when they occur with possible liver infection. Seek urgent help for confusion, unusual sleepiness, severe vomiting, or bleeding.

Ask which markers were positive, whether the pattern suggests current or past infection, whether repeat testing is needed, and how to protect people close to you. Ask whether liver tests or specialist review would add useful information.