How to help indigestion

Indigestion, or dyspepsia, describes discomfort or burning in the upper abdomen, early fullness, bloating, belching or nausea after eating. Acid Reflux, a Hiatus Hernia, Gastritis, a Peptic Ulcer, Gallstones or Helicobacter Pylori Infection can contribute, but symptoms can also occur without one clear disease. Note the timing of discomfort, meals that precede it, associated vomiting or bowel changes, and any medicines such as anti-inflammatory painkillers.

Eat smaller meals slowly, avoid lying down soon after eating, and reduce foods or drinks that repeatedly trigger symptoms. Limit alcohol and stop smoking if applicable. Keep a simple symptom and food record so patterns are easier to discuss. A pharmacist can explain whether an antacid or Acid Reflux Medication is appropriate; follow the label and check for interactions with regular medicines. Do not stop prescribed treatment without advice.

Arrange a medical review when indigestion is frequent, persistent, worsening, or accompanied by repeated vomiting, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, black stools or anaemia symptoms. Seek urgent help for severe or sudden abdominal pain, vomiting blood, fainting, or chest pain with sweating or breathlessness. The location and character of pain can overlap with other conditions, so urgent symptoms should not be self-treated as indigestion.

Could my symptoms fit reflux, gastritis, an ulcer or another cause? Could any of my medicines be contributing? Do I need testing for Helicobacter Pylori Infection, and how should I use reflux treatment?