What happens during heat stroke?

Heat accumulation can strain the heart and circulation, while fluid and salt losses reduce the body's ability to support normal blood flow. The pulse may become rapid, breathing may speed up and the skin may feel hot. The most significant change is often neurological: poor judgement, agitation, confusion, unsteady movement or unconsciousness. Vomiting can make fluid replacement more difficult and raises the need to protect the airway.

Call emergency services without delay. Transfer the person to a cooler environment, remove excess clothing and cool the skin with wet cloths, cool water and fanning. If they are not fully alert, put them on their side and give nothing by mouth. Continue cooling and watch breathing until trained help takes over.

Emergency assessment is needed for any altered consciousness, seizure, collapse, severe weakness or confusion following heat exposure. A Fever alone does not establish heat stroke, but a heat-exposed person with brain or behaviour changes should not be observed at home. Clinicians can assess organ function, cool the body and give IV Fluid Therapy or other treatment when needed.

Ask how quickly to seek help during future heat exposure, how to manage recovery after a heat illness and which medical conditions or medicines might increase risk. Request practical advice for work, sport and travel in hot climates.