What to do about heartburn

Heartburn happens when stomach contents move upward and irritate the food pipe, causing burning behind the breastbone or a sour taste. [Acid Reflux](/conditions/acid-reflux/) is a common explanation, but gastritis, a peptic ulcer, or a hiatus hernia can produce overlapping upper-abdominal symptoms. The pattern, timing, and associated symptoms help a clinician distinguish them.

Remain upright after meals and avoid bending or lying down soon after eating. Try smaller meals, eat more slowly, and identify foods or drinks that reliably trigger burning. Avoid late meals if they disturb sleep. If excess weight is contributing, discuss a gradual, sustainable plan with a clinician rather than using extreme diets. A pharmacist can explain whether [Acid Reflux Medication](/treatments/medical-management/acid-reflux-medication/) fits your symptoms and other medicines.

Seek emergency help for chest pressure, trouble breathing, fainting, vomiting blood, or black stools. Arrange medical review for difficulty swallowing, food sticking, repeated vomiting, unexplained weight loss, or symptoms that keep returning despite sensible changes. These features need assessment rather than repeated self-treatment.

Ask what may be triggering your episodes, how long self-care should be tried, whether another condition such as [Gastritis](/conditions/gastritis/) is possible, and which treatment is appropriate with your existing medicines.