What is the medical term for heartburn?

The medical term for this process is gastro-oesophageal reflux. Acid and other stomach contents can irritate the lining of the food pipe, producing heat, sourness, or a bitter taste. Some people also notice fluid coming up, a cough, hoarseness, or discomfort after meals. Heartburn is a symptom, not a diagnosis by itself. It may occur with acid reflux, and similar upper-abdominal symptoms can also accompany gastritis or a peptic ulcer. A hiatus hernia can make reflux easier by affecting the barrier between the stomach and food pipe.

Notice when symptoms occur, including after particular meals, when lying down, or after bending. Eat slowly, avoid lying down soon after eating, and raise the upper body during sleep if night symptoms are troublesome. Avoid any food or drink that you have identified as a personal trigger. A pharmacist or clinician can explain whether an antacid, alginate, or acid-reducing medicine is suitable, especially if you take other medicines or have ongoing symptoms.

Seek urgent medical help for chest pressure, severe or spreading chest pain, breathlessness, fainting, sweating, or pain with exertion. Arrange a clinical assessment for repeated symptoms, trouble or pain when swallowing, persistent vomiting, vomiting blood, black stools, unexplained weight loss, or symptoms that do not settle with sensible measures. These features need assessment because heartburn-like discomfort can have causes beyond reflux.

Ask what may be triggering your symptoms, whether your pattern fits reflux, and which treatment is appropriate for the length of time you need it. Mention swallowing changes, night waking, pregnancy, previous stomach problems, and every medicine or supplement you use.