Head cold and fever: what to know

A cold can cause a raised temperature, tiredness, blocked or runny nose, sore throat and cough. Fever is the body's response to infection, but its presence does not identify the cause by itself. COVID-19 and acute bronchitis can overlap with cold symptoms, while bronchiolitis in a young child may affect breathing.

Other patterns need a different assessment. A widespread blistering rash may accompany chickenpox; a painful, hot, swollen area of skin may suggest cellulitis. Brucellosis is linked to particular animal or unpasteurised dairy exposures and may cause prolonged fever, sweats and fatigue. Croup can cause a barking cough and noisy breathing in children.

Encourage rest and frequent fluids, and use light clothing rather than heavy layers. Check temperature with a reliable method and record the timing of fever, medicines and new symptoms. Use fever medicine only as directed for the person's age and health history; never give aspirin to children unless a clinician specifically advises it.

Keep distance from vulnerable people while fever and respiratory symptoms are active, improve ventilation and wash hands. Do not combine cold remedies without checking their ingredients, because products may duplicate the same medicine.

Seek urgent help for trouble breathing, blue lips, severe drowsiness, confusion, a seizure, a stiff neck, severe dehydration, or a child who is struggling to breathe. Arrange prompt assessment for fever in a very young infant, a fever that persists or returns, or a new rash with marked illness.

Ask whether testing is useful, how often to check temperature, and which fever medicine is suitable for the person's age and conditions. Ask which warning signs require emergency help and when a review is needed.