What should you know about HE4 and ovarian cancer?

HE4 is a protein measured in blood. A clinician may consider it with symptoms, examination, imaging and other laboratory findings when evaluating an ovarian mass or monitoring a known cancer. The result is interpreted in context rather than as a stand-alone cancer test. Age, kidney function and other health factors can affect the result, so tell the team about medical conditions and medicines.

An HE4 result does not identify the exact type of ovarian tumour. Further assessment may involve pelvic ultrasound, specialist review and, when appropriate, tissue testing. Genomic information can sometimes help guide treatment decisions after diagnosis.

Ask why HE4 was requested, what comparison or follow-up is planned and whether kidney function should be checked. Keep copies of results and note changes such as persistent bloating, pelvic discomfort, early fullness or altered bowel habits. If a mass needs treatment, the team may discuss surgery, chemotherapy or another approach based on imaging, pathology and your general health. Genetic counselling may be offered when family history or tumour features suggest it could help.

Arrange prompt medical review for persistent or worsening pelvic pain, increasing abdominal swelling, repeated vomiting, inability to eat or drink, unexpected bleeding or breathlessness. Seek emergency help for sudden severe pain, fainting, heavy bleeding or difficulty breathing. These symptoms do not establish the cause, but they can signal a problem that needs timely assessment.

Why do I need HE4 testing? How will kidney function affect interpretation? Which imaging or tissue test comes next? Should I discuss genetic testing with a counsellor?