Groin pain and swelling: what to know

Swelling after a clear strain or impact can reflect irritation in a muscle or its attachment. A lump in the groin can have a different cause from swelling of the scrotum, upper thigh, or hip area. Pain from the hip joint may be felt in the groin without visible swelling; hip impingement, a hip labral tear, and hip osteoarthritis are examples of joint-related problems that can create groin discomfort. Describe whether the swelling is soft, firm, tender, changing with coughing, or spreading, rather than trying to diagnose it by touch.

Pause strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and movements that increase the swelling. Wear comfortable clothing and avoid pressing or massaging a new lump until a clinician has examined it. For a recent muscle injury, rest from aggravating activity and a towel-wrapped cold pack may help with comfort. Arrange prompt assessment for unexplained swelling, a persistent lump, or symptoms that are not settling. Do not use exercise rehabilitation as a substitute for checking a new or enlarging swelling.

Seek emergency care for sudden severe groin or testicular pain, a painful lump that cannot be gently reduced, vomiting with groin pain, fever with a hot swollen area, faintness, or rapidly increasing swelling. After an injury, urgent review is needed if you cannot bear weight, the skin is markedly bruised, or the limb looks abnormal. Arrange medical review soon for a new lump, persistent swelling, or pain that interferes with walking or sleep.

Ask what tissue appears swollen, whether the lump changes with standing or coughing, and whether imaging or another examination is needed. Ask which activities are safe while waiting, how to watch for change, and when a physiotherapy assessment would be appropriate.