Gas and indigestion relief: what to know

Indigestion, also called dyspepsia, may feel like burning, fullness, early satiety, belching or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Swallowed air and fermentation of food in the bowel can add pressure and bloating. Acid reflux can bring a sour taste or burning behind the breastbone; gastritis, a hiatus hernia, gallstones, peptic ulcer or Helicobacter pylori infection can also cause upper-abdominal symptoms. The pattern matters: note when symptoms begin, what you ate, whether lying down worsens them, and whether bowel movements or passing wind helps.

Eat slowly, chew thoroughly and choose smaller portions. Limit fizzy drinks, chewing gum and habits that make you swallow air. A short walk after eating may help gas move through the bowel. Stay upright after meals and avoid reclining soon after eating if reflux is part of the discomfort. Keep a simple food and symptom diary rather than removing many foods at once. A pharmacist can explain whether an antacid or other acid-reflux medicine is suitable, especially if you take regular medicines, are pregnant or have a long-term condition. Do not use leftover antibiotics or someone else’s treatment.

Arrange a medical review if indigestion keeps returning, steadily worsens, interferes with eating or sleep, or does not settle with basic measures. Seek urgent help for severe or persistent abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, vomit containing blood, black stools, trouble swallowing, fainting, yellowing of the skin or unexplained weight loss. Chest pressure, breathlessness, sweating or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back needs emergency assessment rather than assuming it is gas.

Could my symptoms fit acid reflux, gastritis, an ulcer or another digestive problem? Do I need testing for Helicobacter pylori? Which medicines or foods could be worsening the discomfort? What warning signs should prompt urgent care?