Food poisoning bacteria names: what to know

Food poisoning can result from several bacterial species as well as viruses, parasites or toxins. Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting and fever overlap between causes, so the pattern does not prove which germ is responsible. A healthcare professional may ask when symptoms began, what foods were eaten, whether others are ill and whether there is blood in the stool. Stool testing may be considered when illness is severe, prolonged or linked to a wider outbreak.

Sip water or oral rehydration solution often, rest and eat small amounts when tolerated. Keep a record of vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and urine output; this helps describe fluid loss. Wash hands thoroughly and keep separate utensils and towels if possible. Do not take leftover antibiotics or medicines intended to stop diarrhoea without advice. Treatment depends on the cause and severity; oral rehydration therapy is often used for fluid replacement, while IV fluid therapy may be needed if dehydration prevents drinking.

Arrange prompt medical review for blood in stool, severe or localised abdominal pain, ongoing fever, repeated vomiting or diarrhoea that is not improving. Seek urgent help if you cannot drink, pass very little urine, become faint or confused, or feel markedly weak. Early advice is sensible for pregnancy, young children, older age or conditions that affect immunity or fluid balance.

Ask whether a stool sample is useful, what result would change treatment, how long to follow infection-control precautions, and which signs should bring you back for review.