What should you know about fistulating Crohn's disease?

A fistula is an abnormal connection that may open near the anus, onto the skin, or into another part of the bowel or urinary system. It can cause persistent drainage, soreness, swelling, recurrent collections of pus, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits. Fistulas are a complication of Crohn's disease, but symptoms can overlap with other problems. The location and whether an abscess is present guide treatment decisions.

Arrange a GP consultation or gastroenterology review if you notice drainage, a painful lump, repeated skin irritation, or new bowel symptoms. Assessment may involve an examination, blood test, stool testing, or imaging. Keep the area clean and gently dry it; avoid squeezing a lump. Do not stop prescribed Crohn's treatment without medical advice.

Seek urgent medical help for fever, rapidly worsening pain or swelling, pus, vomiting, faintness, or difficulty passing stool or urine. A painful collection can require prompt drainage and treatment. Contact your care team quickly if drainage suddenly stops while pressure and pain increase.

Where might the fistula be located? Do I need imaging or a blood test? Is there an abscess? Which medicines, wound-care measures, or surgical options fit my situation? How should I monitor drainage and flare symptoms?