What should you know about first stages of menopause?

Menopause is reached after periods have stopped for a full year; the early transition can be gradual and symptoms can vary from person to person. Hormone changes may affect temperature regulation, sleep, sexual comfort, mood, and the menstrual cycle. A symptom does not confirm menopause on its own, because pregnancy, thyroid problems, medicines, stress, and other conditions can also alter periods or wellbeing.

Track bleeding patterns, hot flushes, night sweats, sleep, mood, vaginal comfort, and any effect on daily activities. This record gives a clinician useful context and can help identify changes that need a different assessment.

Keep a simple symptom diary and note medicines, contraception, medical conditions, and whether pregnancy is possible. Wear breathable layers, keep the bedroom cool, and protect sleep with a regular bedtime routine. For vaginal dryness, a suitable lubricant or vaginal moisturiser may help; ask a clinician or pharmacist which option fits your health history. Regular movement, balanced meals, and support for stress can also make symptoms easier to manage.

A clinician can discuss treatment choices when symptoms interfere with sleep, work, relationships, or comfort. Options depend on your symptoms, age, health history, and whether you still need contraception.

Arrange medical advice for bleeding after menopause has been established, bleeding that is unusually heavy or prolonged, bleeding between periods, or symptoms that are new, severe, or affecting daily life. Seek prompt assessment for severe pelvic pain, fainting, chest pain, or sudden shortness of breath. If periods change before the expected age range for menopause, ask for an assessment rather than assuming the cause.

Could another condition or medicine explain my symptoms? Which treatments suit my medical history? Do I still need contraception? What should I do about vaginal or urinary discomfort? Which bleeding changes should I report?