First-degree sunburn: what to know

This is an ultraviolet injury to the outer skin layer. The affected area may feel hot, sore, tight, or itchy and may look red, especially after sun exposure. Mild peeling can occur as damaged surface cells shed. Sun-damaged skin describes longer-term changes from repeated exposure, whereas sunburn is an acute reaction. Blisters indicate more substantial skin injury and should not be punctured.

Move out of direct sun, take a cool bath or shower, and pat the skin dry. Apply a gentle moisturiser or emollient while the skin is slightly damp, and drink fluids if you feel thirsty. Wear loose clothing and use simple pain relief only if it is suitable for you. Do not use ice directly, scrub peeling areas, or apply numbing products to broken skin. Stay out of sun until the tenderness and redness have settled; cover exposed areas and use sunscreen afterward.

Seek medical advice for widespread blistering, severe pain, marked swelling, infected-looking drainage, fever, confusion, faintness, or repeated vomiting. Urgent assessment is sensible when sunburn affects the eyes or causes vision changes, or when a child or vulnerable adult becomes unusually drowsy or unwell. Topical corticosteroids should be used only when a clinician recommends them for the particular skin reaction.

Ask whether the redness fits a superficial sunburn, what moisturiser is appropriate for your skin, and how to care for any peeling. If blisters appear, ask how to protect them and which symptoms suggest infection or dehydration.