Fever with rotavirus: what to know

Rotavirus mainly affects the digestive system. A child may become unsettled, vomit, pass frequent watery stools and develop fever or stomach cramps. Vomiting can make drinking difficult, while diarrhoea removes water and salts. Infants, older adults and people with other illnesses can become dehydrated more quickly.

The infection spreads easily through contaminated hands and surfaces. A clinician may assess alertness, urine output, mouth moisture, tears and the ability to keep fluids down. Blood in the stool, severe belly pain or a swollen abdomen suggests that another problem may need consideration.

Give small, frequent sips of an oral rehydration solution, particularly after loose stools or vomiting; ask a pharmacist or clinician which product suits the person. Continue breastfeeding, and offer usual food when tolerated. Avoid fruit juice, fizzy drinks and anti-diarrhoeal medicines for children unless prescribed. Wash hands with soap and water, clean contaminated surfaces, and keep the unwell person away from food preparation.

Seek emergency help for unusual drowsiness, confusion, collapse, severe weakness, a seizure, severe abdominal pain, or inability to keep any fluid down. Obtain prompt medical advice for very little urine, a dry mouth, no tears, sunken eyes, blood in stool, persistent vomiting, or a fever in a very young infant. Review is also needed if diarrhoea is worsening or the person is not recovering.

What rehydration fluid and amount are appropriate for this person? How can I tell whether urine output and alertness are adequate? When can normal foods, childcare, school or work resume, and could another cause explain the symptoms?