Female kidney stones: symptoms, care and when to seek help

A kidney stone is a hard collection of minerals that forms in the urinary system. Pain may begin in the flank or back and move towards the lower abdomen or groin as the stone travels. It can come in waves, and some people also have nausea or vomiting.

Urinary symptoms can include a burning sensation, needing to urinate often, or difficulty passing urine. Blood may make urine look pink, red or brown, although it may only be found on testing. These symptoms can overlap with a urine infection, so an assessment may be needed.

Arrange a GP consultation if pain persists, returns, or is accompanied by urinary changes. A clinician may ask about the pain pattern, check a urine sample and decide whether imaging such as an abdominal ultrasound is appropriate.

Drink fluids steadily unless a clinician has told you to restrict them, and follow the recommended pain-relief instructions on the label or from your clinician. Do not delay care while trying to pass a stone if you cannot keep fluids down or your symptoms are worsening.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or uncontrolled pain, fever or chills, repeated vomiting, feeling faint, or difficulty passing urine. A blocked urinary tract together with infection can become serious and needs prompt treatment.

Get advice promptly if you are pregnant, have one functioning kidney, or have a history of urinary problems. These circumstances can change which tests and treatments are safest.

Ask what may be causing the pain, whether a urine test or scan is needed, how to manage symptoms safely, and which changes should prompt urgent review. You can also ask how to reduce the chance of another stone, including whether hydration or an underlying condition may be relevant.