Eye melanoma symptoms: what to look for

Eye melanoma, also known as uveal or ocular melanoma, may affect vision if it involves structures that focus light or the retina. Possible changes include blurred or distorted sight, a new blind area, flashes, floaters, a shadow in the field of vision, or a visible change in the iris. Some tumours are discovered during a routine dilated eye examination before a person notices anything.

These symptoms are not unique to melanoma. Floaters, flashes, cataracts, retinal problems, inflammation, and other conditions can produce similar experiences. An eye specialist uses examination and imaging to assess the cause; symptoms cannot determine the diagnosis by themselves.

Arrange an eye examination for a persistent or new change, particularly if it affects one eye or is getting worse. Note when symptoms began, which eye is affected, and whether they change with lighting or eye movement. Avoid driving if vision is unsafe. If a specialist identifies a tumour, treatment discussions may include brachytherapy or radiotherapy when appropriate.

Seek same-day urgent eye care for sudden vision loss, a curtain or veil across vision, a sudden cluster of flashes and floaters, severe eye pain, or a red painful eye with nausea. Promptly book an assessment for a new persistent blind spot, a changing iris mark, or gradually worsening vision.

What could explain these symptoms? Do I need a dilated examination or imaging? Is the change in one eye or both relevant? What warning signs should send me to urgent care? If a lesion is found, what are the treatment choices and likely effects on vision?