Eclampsia: what patients should know

Eclampsia is linked to pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy complication involving high blood pressure and possible organ stress. It may begin before labour, during labour, or in the days after delivery. Some people have headache, flashing lights or blurred vision, pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, sudden swelling, or feeling unwell beforehand; others have no clear warning.

A maternity team will protect breathing, check vital signs, measure blood pressure, and assess blood and urine results. Medicines can stop or prevent seizures and lower blood pressure. The team will also assess the fetus and decide whether birth should happen soon. A Caesarean Section may be discussed when it is the safest delivery route, but the choice depends on the clinical situation.

Contact emergency services without delay and explain that the person is pregnant or has recently delivered. Clear nearby furniture, cushion her head, loosen tight clothing around the neck, and place her on her side when possible. Do not hold her down or place anything between her teeth. Once the movements stop, check that she is breathing and remain beside her; do not offer drinks or medication until she is fully awake and a clinician advises it.

Call for emergency care for any seizure, loss of consciousness, severe headache that does not settle, new visual disturbance, confusion, difficulty breathing, severe upper-abdominal pain, or a sudden feeling that something is seriously wrong. Reduced fetal movement also needs prompt maternity advice. Symptoms after delivery should not be dismissed as tiredness or a normal recovery. Avoid travelling alone after a concerning symptom or seizure.

Ask how to monitor your blood pressure at home, which headache or vision symptoms should trigger emergency help, whether you need follow-up after delivery, and how prescribed medicines may affect feeding or daily activities. Ask who to contact outside clinic hours and what birth plan would be used if your condition changes.