E. coli diarrhoea: what to know

E. coli is a group of bacteria, and different strains can cause different illness. Diarrhoea may be watery or bloody and can occur with abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or fever. Food poisoning and gastroenteritis are common explanations for sudden diarrhoea, but ongoing symptoms can also occur with food intolerance, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or giardiasis. Symptoms cannot confirm E. coli; a clinician may recommend a stool test when the pattern or severity makes testing useful.

Take frequent small sips of water or an oral rehydration solution, particularly after each loose stool. Continue light meals when able and avoid alcohol and foods that clearly worsen symptoms. Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet and before preparing food; avoid preparing food for others while unwell. Do not start antibiotics or anti-diarrhoeal medicines without medical advice, especially if stool contains blood or fever is present.

Seek urgent care for bloody diarrhoea, severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, faintness, confusion, very little urine, or signs of dehydration such as a dry mouth and marked weakness. Children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with significant medical conditions may need earlier assessment. Prompt review is also appropriate when diarrhoea is persistent or worsening.

Ask whether stool testing is needed, which fluids are suitable, when normal food and activities can resume, and how to reduce spread at home.