Do you need a referral for rectal cancer surgery?

The referral is commonly made after investigations suggest or confirm rectal cancer. It should carry biopsy findings, scans, endoscopy information, medical history and details of treatment already given.

Rectal operations differ according to the tumour's position, extent and relationship to nearby structures. The team assesses whether part or all of the rectum should be removed, whether the bowel can be joined, and whether a temporary or long-term stoma may be needed.

Surgery may form one part of a wider plan that includes radiotherapy or medicines before or after the operation. A multidisciplinary discussion helps sequence these treatments and considers bowel control, urinary and sexual function, nutrition, fitness for anaesthesia and your preferences.

Confirm where the referral was sent and whether the service has the biopsy and imaging. Bring your medicines list, allergies, prior abdominal or pelvic operation details, and information about heart, lung, kidney or blood-clotting problems.

Write down changes in bowel function and any difficulties with eating, weight maintenance or daily activity. If a stoma is possible, ask to meet a stoma nurse before surgery so you can learn about positioning, supplies and practical care. Do not begin bowel preparation unless the surgical team instructs you to do so.

Get urgent assessment for severe abdominal pain with swelling, repeated vomiting, inability to pass stool or gas, heavy rectal bleeding, fainting or marked weakness. After an operation, contact the surgical team urgently for worsening abdominal pain, fever, persistent vomiting, breathing difficulty, a painful swollen leg, increasing wound redness or a sudden change in stoma output.

Ask which operation is being considered, whether a stoma is expected, how treatment timing was chosen, and how surgery could affect bowel, bladder and sexual function. Clarify recovery milestones, dietary guidance, pain control and the number to call if problems arise at home.