What should you know about disease called cholera?

Cholera is caused by bacteria that produce toxins in the intestine. The illness can begin with sudden, painless watery diarrhoea, sometimes with vomiting. The fluid loss may lead to intense thirst, dry mouth, weakness, dizziness, reduced urination, sunken eyes, or confusion. Severe dehydration can develop quickly, particularly in young children, older adults, and people who are already unwell.

Symptoms may overlap with other causes of [Diarrhoea](/symptoms/diarrhoea/), so diagnosis and treatment should be guided by a clinician. Cholera spreads when food or water is contaminated with infected stool; careful handwashing and safe water help reduce transmission.

Start frequent small sips of a correctly prepared oral rehydration solution while arranging medical care. Continue breastfeeding and offer suitable food when tolerated. Do not rely on plain water alone when diarrhoea is heavy, and do not take anti-diarrhoeal medicine without medical advice. Clinicians may use [Oral Rehydration Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/oral-rehydration-therapy/) or, when dehydration is severe or drinking is not possible, [IV Fluid Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/iv-fluid-therapy/). Antibiotics may be considered for some cases.

Seek urgent care for repeated watery stools, inability to drink, persistent vomiting, faintness, confusion, very little urine, extreme weakness, or signs of shock. Do not wait for diarrhoea to stop if dehydration is developing. Tell the clinician about recent travel, unsafe water or food exposure, and anyone else who is ill. Use separate bathroom and handwashing arrangements where possible.

Ask which rehydration method is appropriate, how to recognize worsening dehydration, whether testing or antibiotics are needed, and how to protect household members. Mention the frequency of stools, vomiting, urine changes, and fluid intake.