Description of Ringworm: Signs, Spread and Care

Despite its name, ringworm is not caused by a worm. Fungi grow in the outer layer of skin and may produce a ring-shaped or oval area with a raised, more active edge. The surface can be dry, flaky, cracked, or mildly swollen, and itching may be more noticeable around the border. The patch may occur on the body, face, arms, or legs. Appearance alone cannot confirm the diagnosis because eczema and other rashes can look similar.

The infection can pass through close skin contact or by sharing items such as towels, clothing, bedding, hairbrushes, or sports equipment. Contact with an infected pet can also spread some fungal infections. Scratching may irritate the skin and transfer the fungus to another body area.

Keep the area clean and dry, wash your hands after touching it, and avoid sharing towels, clothing, or personal grooming items. Wash clothing, towels, and bedding regularly while the infection is being treated. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether a topical antifungal treatment is suitable; more extensive, persistent, or difficult-to-reach infections may need oral antifungal treatment. Follow the product instructions and complete the recommended course, even if the skin starts to look better.

Arrange medical advice if the rash is spreading, involves the scalp or nails, keeps returning, or does not improve with appropriate treatment. Seek prompt care if the area becomes very painful, hot, swollen, or produces pus, or if you feel unwell. A clinician may examine the skin and, when needed, test a small scale sample to distinguish ringworm from other conditions.

You could ask: Does this look like ringworm or another rash? Should I use a topical or oral antifungal treatment? How should I reduce spread to household members? Do any pets or shared items need attention?