Dehydration in older adults

Thirst may become less noticeable with age, so a person may not think to drink regularly. Memory problems, reduced mobility, swallowing difficulty, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, or medicines that increase urine output can add to fluid loss. Dry mouth, headache, tiredness, dizziness, constipation, and darker urine may occur, but signs vary.

A sudden change in alertness, balance, or behaviour deserves attention. Dehydration can worsen weakness and make falls more likely, especially when someone stands up. A clinician can review fluid intake, urine changes, medicines, and other illnesses together.

Offer drinks regularly rather than waiting for thirst, unless a clinician has prescribed a fluid limit. Small, frequent sips may be easier than a large glass. Include water and suitable fluids with meals, and keep a drink within reach. During illness, ask a healthcare professional whether an oral rehydration solution is appropriate. A caregiver should notice and report a clear drop in drinking or urination.

Arrange urgent medical assessment for confusion, fainting, severe dizziness, inability to drink, repeated vomiting, very little urine, or marked weakness. Older adults may deteriorate quickly, and these symptoms can have causes other than dehydration that also require treatment.

Ask which drinks are suitable, whether fluids need to be limited because of heart or kidney problems, and whether any medicine may be contributing. Ask how to monitor intake and urine, and what change should trigger a call.