Understanding the danger of polio

Poliomyelitis is an infection caused by poliovirus. Many infections cause no obvious symptoms or only a mild flu-like illness, but some affect the nervous system. Muscle weakness or paralysis may develop, including weakness of the muscles needed for breathing. Severity depends on which nerves are affected and how the illness progresses. A person's symptoms cannot safely predict the full course, so new weakness needs prompt medical assessment.

Check that routine childhood immunisations are up to date and ask a healthcare professional about any missed doses or travel-related advice. Follow local public-health guidance if polio exposure is suspected. Wash hands carefully after using the toilet and before preparing food, and avoid sharing drinks or utensils with someone who may be infected. Do not delay care for new weakness, difficulty swallowing, or breathing changes.

Seek emergency help for sudden or worsening weakness, paralysis, trouble breathing, choking, or inability to swallow. Contact a clinician promptly for fever with unusual muscle weakness, severe headache, neck stiffness, or a child who is losing movement. Keep a person with possible infection away from close contact until medical advice is obtained, especially around infants or people who are not fully immunised.

Are my child's immunisations complete for their age? Are any catch-up doses needed? What symptoms after possible exposure require emergency care, and should household members receive specific advice?