Dark Spots and Pigmentation: What to Know

Pigment becomes more visible when skin makes extra melanin or when pigment remains after irritation. Marks may follow acne, eczema, bites, burns or cosmetic irritation. Sun exposure can deepen existing patches. Melasma often appears as fairly even brown patches on the face, while sun spots tend to occur on exposed areas. Tinea versicolor can cause lighter or darker areas with fine scale. These patterns overlap, so colour alone cannot identify the cause.

Notice when the patches began, whether they itch or scale, and whether they are flat or raised. A clinician may examine the skin closely and ask about products, medicines, pregnancy or recent inflammation.

Use broad-spectrum sun protection, shade and clothing on exposed skin, and reapply sunscreen as directed. Keep the routine gentle: avoid scrubbing, picking and untested bleaching products, because irritation can create more pigment. Treat active acne or dermatitis rather than only the mark it leaves behind. A dermatologist may discuss topical options or procedures such as Chemical Peel, Skin Brightening Treatment or Picosecond Laser Treatment after assessing your skin tone and cause.

Arrange a skin assessment if a spot is new and changing, has an irregular outline or several colours, bleeds, crusts, becomes painful, or does not heal. Seek prompt medical advice for rapidly spreading pigment or patches with marked swelling. A changing lesion should be assessed rather than treated at home.

Ask what pattern and cause are most likely, whether a medicine or product could be contributing, which ingredients suit your skin, how long to try a plan, and what signs mean you should stop treatment.