What should you know about cure for heartburn?

Heartburn is a burning discomfort behind the breastbone that can rise toward the throat, especially after meals or when lying down. Acid reflux commonly presents with heartburn, but similar symptoms can occur with gastritis, a hiatus hernia, or a peptic ulcer. Heartburn itself does not establish one cause. Note when it happens, what you ate, and whether sour fluid, cough, or difficulty swallowing accompanies it. The [Heartburn](/symptoms/heartburn/) guide explains the symptom in more detail.

Try smaller meals, eat slowly, and remain upright after eating rather than bending or lying down immediately. Identify triggers such as rich meals, spicy foods, coffee, or alcohol instead of excluding many foods at once. Raising the head of the bed can help night symptoms. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on [Acid Reflux Medication](/treatments/medical-management/acid-reflux-medication/) and check for interactions. Avoid regularly relying on over-the-counter treatment without reviewing recurring symptoms.

Seek emergency help for chest pressure with breathlessness, sweating, faintness, or pain spreading to the arm or jaw, because heartburn-like discomfort can overlap with heart problems. Arrange prompt medical care for vomiting blood, black stools, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss, food sticking, or severe pain. Recurring symptoms deserve assessment for conditions such as [Acid Reflux](/conditions/acid-reflux/) or [Peptic Ulcer](/conditions/peptic-ulcer/).

What pattern suggests reflux rather than another cause? Which treatment should I try, and for how long? Do my medicines or symptoms mean I need testing?