How is diphtheria treated?

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can affect the throat and produce a thick coating over the tonsils or throat. It may cause sore throat, fever, swollen neck glands, weakness, or difficulty swallowing and breathing. The bacteria can release a toxin that harms tissues beyond the throat, including the heart and nerves. Because symptoms can worsen and infection can spread to close contacts, suspected diphtheria is treated as an urgent medical problem.

Treatment is arranged in hospital or through urgent specialist care. Diphtheria antitoxin is used to neutralise toxin that is still circulating, while antibiotic treatment targets the bacteria. Testing may be taken, but treatment should not be delayed when suspicion is strong. Isolation and contact tracing help reduce spread, and close contacts may need assessment, preventive antibiotics, or vaccination advice. Do not share utensils, towels, or close personal contact until the treating team confirms it is safe.

Get urgent medical help for a severe sore throat with a throat coating, noisy or difficult breathing, trouble swallowing, a swollen neck, marked weakness, or faintness. Call ahead before attending if diphtheria is suspected so infection-control measures can be prepared. Anyone exposed to a confirmed case should contact a clinician promptly, even if symptoms are mild. Vaccination history, travel, and close-contact information can help the care team act quickly.

Could these symptoms represent diphtheria or another throat infection? Do I need antitoxin, antibiotics, or hospital monitoring? Who in my household needs assessment? Are my vaccinations up to date?