Crohn's disease explained

Inflammation may involve the bowel wall in patches, with healthy areas between affected areas. During a flare, swelling can interfere with digestion and bowel movements. When inflammation settles, symptoms may ease, although follow-up can still matter. Crohn's disease is different from a short-lived stomach infection, and symptoms such as abdominal pain or diarrhoea can have many causes.

A clinician may ask about your symptom pattern, bowel changes, appetite, medicines and family history. Assessment can include an examination, stool checks or imaging, alongside a blood test to look for signs such as inflammation or anaemia.

Arrange a GP consultation if bowel symptoms persist, recur, disturb sleep, or affect eating and daily activities. Keep a short record of stool changes, pain location, fever, fatigue, food triggers and any bleeding. Take prescribed medicines as directed and discuss side effects before stopping them. During troublesome symptoms, drink regularly and choose foods that you can tolerate; avoid making major diet changes without clinical advice.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, faintness, heavy rectal bleeding, or inability to keep fluids down. Contact a clinician promptly if diarrhoea continues, you develop fever, or you are losing weight without trying. These signs do not prove Crohn's disease, but they need timely assessment.

Ask what other conditions could explain your symptoms, which tests are appropriate, how results will be reviewed, and what changes should prompt urgent help. You can also ask how to manage food, medicines, work and follow-up if Crohn's disease is confirmed.