Cradle cap and dandruff: how they differ

Cradle cap, also called infantile seborrheic dermatitis, often appears as yellow, greasy, or white scale on a baby's scalp. Dandruff is a later-life form of seborrheic dermatitis that commonly produces loose flakes and may come with an itchy scalp. Neither condition is caused by poor hygiene, and both can come and go. Redness, thick crust, oozing, or scale beyond the scalp may point to another skin problem.

Wash gently with a mild, fragrance-free shampoo and rinse well. For an infant, soften attached scale only with a clinician-approved [Emollient Therapy](/treatments/medical-dermatology/emollient-therapy/) method, then use a soft brush without scraping. Older children and adults may need a plan for recurrent dandruff. A clinician can decide whether [Topical Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-antifungal-therapy/) is appropriate; avoid adult products on a baby unless advised.

Seek medical advice if the scalp is painful, swollen, bleeding, wet, foul-smelling, or covered with thick scale. Arrange a review when itching disrupts sleep, hair breaks or falls in patches, or careful home care does not improve the problem. A rash on the face, ears, or body also deserves assessment.

Ask which condition best fits the person's age and scalp findings, how often to wash, whether a medicated shampoo is suitable, and what signs would mean the diagnosis needs reconsideration.