What should you know about what causes cholera?

Vibrio cholerae can multiply in the small intestine and release a toxin that makes the bowel lose water and salts. This may produce sudden, painless, watery diarrhoea, with vomiting in some people. The source is usually faecal contamination of water or food, often linked to inadequate sanitation or unsafe handling. A person with a symptom is not automatically infected with cholera; diagnosis depends on the clinical picture and exposure.

Because fluid loss can progress quickly, review the advice on [Diarrhoea](/symptoms/diarrhoea/) if stools become unusually watery or frequent.

Drink water from a safe supply or boil it before use. Use the same precaution for food preparation, tooth brushing, and ice. Wash hands thoroughly with soap, store water covered, and avoid preparing food for others while unwell. At the first sign of significant diarrhoea, use [Oral Rehydration Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/oral-rehydration-therapy/) and contact a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.

Attend urgent care if you cannot keep fluids down, pass very little urine, become dizzy or faint, feel confused, or develop severe weakness. A dry mouth and sunken eyes can also signal fluid loss. Medical staff may use [IV Fluid Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/iv-fluid-therapy/) when drinking is not enough or is impossible.

Ask what exposure details matter, how to keep bathroom surfaces and laundry safe, whether other household members need monitoring, and how to recognise worsening dehydration.