Is chlamydia caused by bacteria?

Chlamydia trachomatis can infect mucous membranes of the genital tract, urethra, rectum and throat. It can be passed through sexual contact and may remain unnoticed. Without assessment and treatment, infection can move beyond its original site and may contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease.

Possible symptoms include discharge, painful urination, pelvic discomfort and bleeding between periods, but symptoms are not a reliable measure of whether infection is present. Other conditions can produce the same complaints.

Arrange STI screening after a relevant exposure, if a partner has tested positive, or if symptoms develop. A clinician may choose urine testing or swabs according to the exposed body sites. Give a complete medication and allergy history.

When chlamydia is diagnosed, follow the antibiotic instructions carefully and make sure partners receive appropriate advice. Pause sexual contact as directed during treatment, and return if symptoms persist or recur.

Seek urgent assessment for severe pelvic pain, fever, faintness, heavy or unusual bleeding, or testicular pain and swelling. Prompt review is also wise when pain is rapidly worsening or you may be pregnant.

Ask which infection sites need testing, whether you need screening for other STIs, how partners should be managed, and when you can safely resume sexual contact.