Chlamydia and UTI: what to know

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that may affect the cervix, urethra, rectum or throat. A UTI usually involves bacteria in the urinary tract. Burning when you pass urine can occur with either, so the symptom alone cannot identify the cause.

Chlamydia may cause vaginal or penile discharge, bleeding between periods, pelvic discomfort, or no symptoms at all. A UTI can bring urinary frequency, urgency, cloudy urine or discomfort above the pubic bone. Having one does not rule out the other.

Arrange a clinical assessment if urinary pain follows sexual contact, persists, or occurs with discharge. STI screening may use a urine sample or a swab, while UTI assessment may include urine testing. Tell the clinician about recent sexual contact, pregnancy possibility, allergies and medicines.

Until assessed, avoid sex or use a barrier method, and do not share leftover antibiotics. If chlamydia is diagnosed, partners may need assessment and treatment; complete the prescribed course and follow the advice about when sex can resume.

Seek prompt medical care for fever, vomiting, pain in the side or back, severe lower abdominal pain, testicular pain or swelling, or feeling faint. Pelvic pain with fever or unusual bleeding needs urgent assessment because an untreated pelvic infection can cause complications.

Ask whether you need STI screening as well as urine testing, which body sites should be tested, whether a partner needs treatment, and when repeat testing or follow-up is appropriate.