Childbirth Water Breaking: What to Know and Do

The membranes holding the amniotic fluid can rupture before labour begins or during labour. Some people notice a sudden gush; others have a slow, ongoing trickle that is difficult to control. Urine and normal vaginal discharge can feel similar, so describe what you noticed rather than trying to diagnose the fluid yourself.

Note when the leaking started, how much fluid you see, and whether it is clear, pale, greenish, brownish, or blood-stained. Your maternity team may ask about contractions, baby movements, temperature, and how many weeks pregnant you are. If the membranes rupture before labour and before full term, this can be associated with preterm labour and needs prompt assessment.

Call your maternity unit or obstetric clinician and follow their instructions. Use a sanitary pad to observe the fluid, and avoid tampons. Keep the pad available if you attend an assessment. Wash your hands before touching the area, and avoid putting anything into the vagina until your team has advised you.

Keep track of contractions and your baby’s usual movements. Do not drive yourself if you feel faint, have heavy bleeding, or are in advanced labour. Your team will decide whether you need an examination, monitoring, or a plan for labour based on your pregnancy and findings.

Seek urgent maternity care for heavy bleeding, green or brown fluid, a fever or feeling very unwell, severe or constant abdominal pain, reduced baby movements, or regular painful contractions. Call emergency services if you feel faint, have difficulty breathing, or the baby appears to be coming. Do not wait for contractions if your water may have broken before term; contact the maternity team immediately.

Ask: How can I tell whether the fluid is amniotic fluid? Should I come in now, and how will the baby be monitored? What signs of infection should I watch for? When should I call again if contractions do not begin? Which activities, bathing plans, and medications are suitable while I wait?