What should you know about cholera?

Cholera is caused by bacteria usually acquired through contaminated food or water. Some infections cause few symptoms, while others produce frequent watery stools and vomiting. The main danger is dehydration: the body loses water and salts faster than they are replaced. Signs can include thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, weakness, sunken eyes and reduced urine. A diarrhoeal illness is not automatically cholera, so testing and clinical assessment may be needed.

Start oral rehydration solution as soon as possible, taking frequent small sips and following the product directions. Continue breastfeeding and offer suitable fluids to children while arranging medical advice. Avoid preparing rehydration drinks with guessed measurements. Wash hands with soap, use safe drinking water and keep food preparation areas clean. Severe dehydration may require IV fluid therapy in a healthcare setting; antibiotics may be considered by a clinician for selected cases.

Seek urgent medical care for profuse watery diarrhoea, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, faintness, confusion, extreme weakness, cold hands or feet, or very little urine. Children, older adults, pregnant people and those with chronic illness can deteriorate quickly and should be assessed early. Call ahead if possible so the facility can advise on safe arrival and infection precautions.

Ask how severe the dehydration is, which rehydration fluid to use, whether testing or antibiotics are appropriate, and how to protect people sharing your home.