Cervical polyps after menopause: what to know

A polyp may be responsible for spotting or bleeding after sex, yet a visible polyp does not rule out a separate problem in the vagina, cervix, or womb lining. Assessment determines what needs treatment.

A cervical polyp is a projection of tissue from the cervix, which is the opening between the vagina and womb. It can be discovered during a pelvic examination or while investigating spotting, blood-stained discharge, or bleeding after sex. Its shape and surface may suggest a polyp, but examination alone may not provide every answer.

The clinician may inspect the vagina and cervix with a speculum, review medicines such as hormone therapy or blood thinners, and arrange tests based on the bleeding pattern. These can include an ultrasound to assess the womb lining, hysteroscopy to look inside the womb, or tissue sampling. If a polyp is removed, laboratory examination can confirm the type of tissue.

Arrange a medical review if you notice even a small amount of bleeding after menopause, including pink or brown discharge. Record when it began, whether it followed sex, and whether it has recurred. Bring an up-to-date medicine list and explain any hormone treatment, vaginal oestrogen, or medicines that affect clotting.

Removal may be recommended when the polyp causes symptoms, looks unusual, or needs tissue confirmation. Some cervical polyps can be removed during a clinic examination; a growth arising higher in the cervical canal or womb may need a different procedure. Follow the clinician's advice about pain relief, activity, and what bleeding to expect afterward.

Request a prompt appointment for any new postmenopausal bleeding rather than waiting to see whether it returns. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, fainting, marked dizziness, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, fever, or feeling seriously unwell. After polyp removal, contact the treating service if bleeding becomes heavy, pain worsens, or discharge develops an unpleasant smell.

Ask whether the growth definitely comes from the cervix, whether the womb lining also needs assessment, and which test is intended to answer each concern. If removal is advised, ask where it will happen, how the tissue will be checked, when results will be discussed, and whom to contact if symptoms change.