Latent TB: what a positive test means

People with latent TB infection usually have no symptoms and do not spread TB through ordinary contact. The bacteria are contained by the immune system, but they can become active later, particularly when immunity is weakened. A positive skin or blood screening test does not by itself prove active disease. Clinicians assess symptoms, exposure history, chest imaging, and sometimes sputum or other tests to rule out active tuberculosis before choosing treatment.

Arrange a clinical assessment after a positive tuberculosis screening result, even if you feel well. Tell the clinician about previous TB treatment, recent exposure, pregnancy, liver problems, and medicines. If latent infection is diagnosed, preventive antibiotic treatment may lower the chance of future active disease. Take it exactly as prescribed and attend monitoring appointments; do not share medicines or stop early without advice.

Seek prompt assessment for a persistent cough, coughing blood, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, chest pain, or worsening weakness. These symptoms need evaluation for active tuberculosis or another illness. While taking treatment, report yellow skin or eyes, severe nausea, abdominal pain, unusual bruising, vision changes, or a widespread rash quickly because medicines can affect the liver or other organs.

Ask which test was positive, how active TB has been excluded, which treatment options fit your health, what monitoring is needed, and which symptoms require stopping a medicine and calling.