What to know about antibiotics

Antibiotics act against particular bacteria; they do not treat viruses such as many causes of colds. A clinician considers your symptoms, examination, likely source of infection, allergies, other medicines, and sometimes test results before choosing an antibiotic.

Different infections need different medicines and courses. Antibiotics may be used for conditions such as cellulitis or some sexually transmitted infections, while a cough or eye problem may need another approach. Do not share leftover tablets or use someone else's prescription.

Follow the label for the dose and timing, and complete the prescribed course unless the prescriber changes the plan. Check whether it should be taken with food and ask about interactions with your regular medicines. If you miss a dose, follow the pharmacy or prescriber instructions rather than doubling up.

Common effects can include nausea, loose stools, or stomach discomfort. Record any rash or other new symptom and contact a clinician for advice. Keep medicines away from children and return unused antibiotics through an appropriate pharmacy route.

Get urgent help for swelling of the lips or face, wheezing, difficulty breathing, faintness, or a rapidly spreading rash after a dose. Contact a clinician promptly for severe or persistent diarrhoea, worsening infection symptoms, or no improvement within the timeframe you were given. Never delay care for breathing difficulty or collapse.

Ask what infection the medicine is intended to treat, how soon improvement is expected, and what to do if you miss a dose. Tell the clinician about allergies, pregnancy, kidney problems, and current medicines, and ask which side effects require a call.